45．金外淑・嶋田洋徳・坂野雄二（1998）．慢性疾患患者におけるソーシャルサポートとセルフ・エフィカシーの心理的ストレス軽減効果 心身医学，38，317-323．
46．右馬野力也・嶋田洋徳・坂野雄二（1998）．ハーディネスが職場ストレスに及ぼす影響 健康心理学研究，11(2)，25-36．
47．大竹恵子・島井哲志・嶋田洋徳（1998）．小学生のコーピング方略の実態と役割 健康心理学研究，11(2)，37-47．
48．嶋田洋徳・神村栄一（1999）．中学生の攻撃的問題行動の発現に及ぼす学校ストレスと個人差の影響 都市化と社会病理現象に関する総合的研究，3，93-97．
49．嶋田洋徳（1999）．教育場面における臨床心理学的研究の動向と課題：行動的アプローチを中心に 教育心理学年報，38，120-129．
50．鈴木伸一・嶋田洋徳・坂野雄二（1999）．高次因子分析によるストレス対処過程の effort-distress 次元の検討 ストレス科学研究，14，1-13．
51．安藤明人・曽我祥子・山崎勝之・島井哲志・嶋田洋徳・宇津木成介・大芦治・坂井明子（1999）．日本版 Buss-Perry 攻撃性質問紙（BAQ）の作成と妥当性，信頼性の検討 心理学研究，70，384-392．
52．嶋田洋徳・佐藤健二（1999）．自己開示尺度の作成とその健康心理学的意義 人文科学研究，101，17-34．
53．大竹恵子・島井哲志・曽我祥子・宇津木成介・山崎勝之・大芦治・坂井明子・西信雄・松島由美子・嶋田洋徳・安藤明人（2000）．日本版 Muller Anger Coping Questionnaire（MAQ）の作成と妥当性・信頼性の検討 感情心理学研究，7，13-24．
54．神村栄一・嶋田洋徳（2001）．不登校児童生徒への初期対応について考える 変動する社会における社会病理現象に関する総合的研究，5，37-43．
55．嶋田洋徳・神村栄一（2001）．中学生の保護者の地域社会参加と規範意識との関係 変動する社会における社会病理現象に関する総合的研究，5，45-54．
56．Woe Sook Kim, Hironori Shimada, & Yuji Sakano（2001）．The Relationship
between Self-efficacy on Health Behavior and Stress Responses in Chronic
Disease Patients．埼玉女子短期大学研究紀要，12，33-41．
57．嶋田洋徳（2001）．心理学的ストレスとソーシャルサポート ストレス科学，16，40-50．
-
慢性疾患患者の健康行動に対するセルフ・エフィカシーとストレス反応との関連
The relationship between self-efficacy on health behavior and stress responses in chronic disease patients
金 外淑（早稲田大学大学院人間科学研究科）・嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）
Woe Sook KIM (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), & Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
心身医学（日本心身医学会），36，499-505．（1996）
Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine（Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine）
The purposes of this study were to develop the scale of self-efficacy on health behavior which influences on health promotion in chronic disease patients, and to examine the relationship between self-efficacy on health behavior and psychological stress responses. In study I, items relating to self-efficacy on the prevention of disease and on motivation to promote health were collected. As a result of factor analysis of self-efficacy based on data from 220 normal subjects over the age of 30, it was revealed that the self-efficacy scale on health behavior in chronic disease patients has following two main factors: "Active coping behavior with disease" and "Controllability for health". As results of t-tests between clinical subjects with chronic disease and healthy control, it was revealed that scores of self-efficacy scale on health behavior in the clinical group were significantly higher than ones in the normal group. As results of analyses, 24-item self-efficacy scale of health behavior in chronic disease patients was developed. In study II, the relationship between self-efficacy on health behavior and stress responses was investigated. As a result of analysis, subjects with high self-efficacy showed low scores in subscales in stress responses. Finally, significance of measuring self-efficacy on health behavior, and the application of the self-efficacy scale on health behavior in clinical settings were discussed.
Key Words: health behavior, self-efficacy, factor analysis, validity, stress responses.
- 小学生の学校ストレッサーに対する認知的評価がコーピングとストレス反応に及ぼす影響
Effects of cognitive appraisal for school stressors on stress coping and stress responses in elementary school children
嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・三浦正江（国立職業リハビリテーションセンター）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）・上里一郎（早稲田大学人間科学部）
Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), Masae MIURA (National Vocational Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled), Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), & Ichiro AGARI (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
カウンセリング研究（日本カウンセリング学会），29，89-96．（1996）
Japanese Journal of Counseling Science（The Japanese Association of Counseling Science）
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive appraisal for school stressors on stress coping and stress responses in elementary school children. Subjects were 915 elementary school children (461 boys and 454 girls), from the 4th to the 6th grade, in a public school located in a suburban district of Tokyo. They were requested to complete the Cognitive Appraisal Scale for School Stressors, Stress Coping Scale for Children, and Stress Response Scale for Children. As a result of cluster analysis, it was revealed that cognitive appraisal pattern for school stressors in elementary school children could be classified mainly into four types: (i) low in impact scores and low in controllability scores; (ii) low in impact scores and high in controllability scores; (iii) high in impact scores and low in controllability scores; and (iv) high scores in each factor. Results of ANOVAs, it was revealed that children who belonged to the first cluster tended not to use active coping style frequently, and that children who belonged to the third and fourth clusters tended to indicate various stress responses more than children who had other cognitive appraisal types. Finally, as a result of regression analysis, it was suggested that the factors which affected stress responses in children were negative appraisal for influence of school stressors and passive coping with stressors. Results of this study were discussed within the theoretical framework of school stress.
Key Words: elementary school children, cognitive appraisal, coping, stress responses, cluster analysis.
- 児童の社会的スキル獲得による心理的ストレス軽減効果
The buffering effects of acquired social skills on psychological school stress in elementary school children
嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・戸ヶ崎泰子（早稲田大学大学院人間科学研究科）・岡安孝弘（宮崎大学教育学部）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）
Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), Yasuko TOGASAKI (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Takahiro OKAYASU (Faculty of Education, Miyazaki University), & Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
行動療法研究（日本行動療法学会），22 (2)，9-20．（1996）
Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy（Japanese Association of Behavior Therapy）
The purposes of this study were to develop a Self-rating Scale of Social Skills for Elementary School Children (SSS-E), and to examine the buffering effects of acquired social skills on psychological school stress in elementary school children. In study I, as a result of factor analysis from the data of 1,379 children from the 4th to 6th grades, 3 main factors were identified; prosocial skills, withdrawal behavior and aggressive behavior, which were extracted from initial set of 20 items. In study II, 1,283 children completed the School Stressor Scale for Elementary School Children (Shimada et al, 1992), the Stress Response Scale for Elementary School Children (Shimada et al. 1992) and SSSE. A two factors ANOVA, with acquired social skills and school stressor as independent variables, and stress responses as a dependent variable, suggested that acquired social skills have buffering effects on psychological school stress in elementary school children. This result was extracted from combinations of main effects and interactions of ANOVA. Finally, the importance of acquired prosocial skills in elementary school life and the usefulness of social skills training for school stress management for coping with stress were discussed.
Key Words: elementary school children, social skills, psychological school stress, buffering effect, ANOVA.
- 阪神・淡路大震災における心身医学的諸問題（Ｉ）：ＰＴＳＤの諸症状と心理的ストレス反応を中心として
Psychosomatic problems after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995 (I): Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorders and psychological stress responses
坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）・嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・辻内琢也（東京大学医学部心療内科）・伊藤克人（東急病院心療内科）・赤林 朗（東京大学医学部国際地域保健学）・吉内一浩（東京大学医学部心療内科）・野村 忍（東京大学医学部心療内科）・久保木富房（東京大学医学部心療内科）・末松弘行（東京大学医学部心療内科）
Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), Takuya TSUJIUCHI (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Katsuhito ITO (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tokyu Hospital), Akira AKABAYASHI (School of International Health, The University of Tokyo), Kazuhiro YOSHIUCHI (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Shinobu NOMURA (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Tomifusa KUBOKI (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), & Hiroyuki SUEMATSU (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo)
心身医学（日本心身医学会），36，649-656．（1996）
Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine（Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine）
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995 on the onset of symptoms of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and psychological stress responses systematically. Three to four months after the quake, one hundred twenty eight earthquake victims (males: n=62, Age: Mean=34.89±12.51, Min.=18, Max. =73; females: n=66, Age: Mean=29.56±11.42, Min.=19, Max. =62) were requested to complete a questionnaire, which consists of items from DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PTSD and Psychological Stress Response Scale (SRS-18). The rate of prevalence of PTSD was 12.90% for males, 9.09% for females, and 10.94% for total subjects, suggesting that the prevalence rate of PTSD is almost same as one described in DSM-IV. Victims showed symptoms included DSM-IV criteria category B (persistent reexperience of traumatic events) most frequently (92.97%), followed by category D symptoms (persistent increased arousal: 54.69%), category F symptoms (distress or impairment of social and occupational functioning: 28.91%), and category C symptoms (persistent avoidance of trigger and numbing of responsiveness: 25.00%). Among category B symptoms, 82.03% of victims showed intense psychological distress at exposure to triggers, 69.53% of them showed recurrent and intrusive recollections of the traumatic event and acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring, whereas only 15.63% of victims showed psychological reactivity on exposure to triggers. Among category C symptoms, efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the trauma was found in 69.53% of victims and sense of foreshortened future was found in 37.50% of victims. As there were no differences in the occurrence of category D symptoms, 35% to 50% of victims showed each symptom. Regarding to the results of SRS-18, comparison of SRS-18 scores between victims and the normative data revealed that victims showed significantly higher scores in all subscales: Depressive-anxious mood, Irritability and anger, and Helplessness. No significant gender difference was found. Further analysis of SRS-18 scores revealed that victims with PTSD symptoms showed significantly more psychological stress responses than victims without PTSD symptoms in all subscales. These results were discussed with reference to past research data on PTSD caused by quake disaster. The importance of social support system to reduce psychological stress responses and some implications for the intervention of PTSD were discussed.
Key Words: Great Hanshin Earthquake, posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma, psychological stress, DSM-IV.
- 阪神・淡路大震災における心身医学的諸問題（II）：身体的ストレス反応を中心として
Psychosomatic problems after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995 (II): Physical stress responses
辻内琢也（東京大学医学部心療内科）・吉内一浩（東京大学医学部心療内科）・嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・伊藤克人（東急病院心療内科）・赤林 朗（東京大学医学部国際地域保健学）・熊野宏昭（東京大学医学部心療内科）・野村 忍（東京大学医学部心療内科）・久保木富房（東京大学医学部心療内科）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）・末松弘行（東京大学医学部心療内科）
Takuya TSUJIUCHI (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Kazuhiro YOSHIUCHI (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), Katsuhito ITO (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tokyu Hospital), Akira AKABAYASHI (School of International Health, The University of Tokyo), Hiroaki KUMANO (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Shinobu NOMURA (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Tomifusa KUBOKI (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo), Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), & Hiroyuki SUEMATSU (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo)
心身医学（日本心身医学会），36，657-665．（1996）
Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine（Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine）
This study systematically evaluated the psychosomatic reactions, especially physical symptoms of the victims living in the temporary shelters after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in January 1995. There are not so many studies which describe the somatic symptoms of victims in detail and reveal the results of blood pressure measurement after a natural disaster. As there has been no research which excludes the confounding factors in order to evaluate the effects of damages, it is a distinctive feature of this study that the multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in it. Physical and mental conditions of eighty victims (mean age=47.2±19.3; males: n=27, females: n=53) were examined one month after the quake. Subjects were also requested to administer a checklist of psychosomatic symptoms which consisted of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ASD and PTSD. Blood pressure of about two hundred victims was measured both two and five weeks after the quake. Subjects of two weeks after the quake were 191 victims (mean age=58.4±13.1; males: n=68, females: n=123), and five weeks after the quake were 217 victims (mean age=60.1±12.1; males: n=77, females: n=140). Victims showed significantly more physical symptoms of insomnia, easy fatigue, anorexia, headache, palpitation, and chest pain than non-victims did as a control group. It was also found that three factors of victims, i.e. morbidity of chronic disease, death of close relatives, and complete destruction of houses had influence upon prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms. More symptoms of common cold, anorexia, easy fatigue, depressive feeling were found in victims with chronic diseases. Victims whose close relatives were killed by the quake showed significantly more symptoms of easy fatigue and less symptoms of common cold and anorexia. Victims whose houses were completely destroyed showed more symptoms of insomnia and depressive feeling. Forty-one to forty-six percent of victims who had not suffered from hypertension before the quake showed hypertensive status. Therefore, neurological, cardiovascular, and general symptoms were the most common reactions after exposure to the stressors due to disaster. Furthermore, these symptoms were affected by the severity of the damages in the disaster. These results suggest that somatic symptoms are important components of the reaction after a natural disaster. They also suggest the importance of proper care from both physical and mental perspectives, i.e. psychosomatic or holistic perspective.
Key Words: Great Hanshin Earthquake, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), physical stress responses, blood pressure measurement, multiple logistic regression analysis.
- 知覚されたソーシャルサポート利用可能性の発達的変化に関する基礎的研究
Developmental change of perceived availability of social support
嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）
Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University)
広島大学総合科学部紀要IV理系編（広島大学総合科学部），22，115-128．（1996）
Memories of the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences（Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University）
A lot of studies have been achieved on the effects of social support on psychological stress or psychological well-being. Few of them, however, have focused their attention on the interactive influences by various support resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of developmental change of perceived availability of social support from parents, friends (boys and girls were separated) and teachers on psychological stress responses in junior high school students, high school students and undergraduate students. Subjects were requested to complete the perceived social support scale and the psychological stress response scale. Cluster analysis (Q-mode) on score pattern of five support resources divided children and adolescents into four clusters regardless of their developmental stage or sex as follows; (i) high scores on all support resources, (ii) low scores on all support resources, (iii) relatively higher scores on parents than the others, and (iv) relatively higher scores on friends than the others. One factor analyses of variance were used to examine the relationship between the pattern of social support resources and psychological stress responses. The results revealed a negative correlation between perceived availability of social support and psychological stress responses. Furthermore, it was suggested that perceived availability of social support from parents was important to reduce stress responses in junior high and high school students. On the other hand, perceived availability from friends was effective to alleviate stress responses in undergraduate students. The results have highlighted the importance of consideration on balance of social support resources according to developmental stage from a viewpoint of clinical psychology.
Key Words: perceived social support, developmental change, psychological stress responses, parents, friends.
中学生におけるテスト不安の継時的変化：心理的ストレスの観点から
Successive changes of test anxiety in junior high school students: From the viewpoint of psychological stress
三浦正江（国立職業リハビリテーションセンター）・嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）
Masae MIURA (National Vocational Rehabilitation Center for the Disabled), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), & Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
教育心理学研究（日本教育心理学会），45，31-40．（1997）
Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology（The Japanese Association of Educational Psychology）
The purpose of this study was to investigate the successive changes of test anxiety in junior high school students from the viewpoint of psychological stress process. Scale on stress responses, cognitive appraisals scale, self-efficacy scale and coping scale were administered to 411 junior high school students 6 times: from 2 weeks before to 1 week after a mid-term examination. Subjects also completed the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) to assess their trait test anxiety. According to the result of ANOVA on session, it was revealed that subjects who appraised the test as more threatening, used more coping, and exhibited higher stress responses before than after the exam. Self-efficacy scores decreased as sessions went by. Moreover, subjects who showed high TAS scores appraised the test as more threatening and important, and exhibited higher stress responses than those who showed low TAS scores do do. The results of this study suggested that successive change pattern of stress responses, cognitive appraisals, self-efficacy, and coping were important to understand the process of test anxiety in junior high school students.
Key Words: test anxiety, successive changes of test anxiety, psychological stress process, junior high school students.
- 社会的スキルが知覚されたソーシャルサポートの利用可能性に及ぼす影響
Effect of social skills on perceived of availability of social support in elementary school children
戸ヶ崎泰子（松蔭女子短期大学）・秋山香澄（藤沢市太陽の家）・嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）
Yasuko TOGASAKI (Shoin College), Kasumi AKIYAMA (Taiyo no Ie in Fujisawa City), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), & Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
ストレス科学研究（パブリックヘルスリサーチセンター），12，13-25．（1997）
Stress Sciences（Public Health Research Foundation）
The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between social skills and perceived availability of social support in elementary school children and to examine what kind of skills could increase the availability of social support as well. In Study I, children completed the Social Skills Scale at home (SSS-H; Togasaki & Sakano, 1997) and the short form of the Perceived Social Support Scale for elementary school children (PSS-E Short-Form; Shimada et al., 1993). The results of multiple regression analyses suggested that social skills had some positive effects on perceived availability of social support from their parents. Furthermore, cluster analysis on z-scores of SSS-H's subscales divided the subjects into 3 groups. As a result of ANOVAs, children who have not well acquired "Behavior for developing relations" were least likely to perceive availability of social support from parents. In Study II, children completed the Self-Rating Scale of Social Skills for elementary school children (SSS-C; Togasaki et al., 1993) and PSS-E (Short-Form). The results of these analyses, which examined in the same way as in Study I, suggested that effects of children's social skills on availability of social support from their friends played an important role, whereas social skills didn't have much effect on availability of social support from their teacher. Furthermore, subjects were divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis on z-scores of SSS-C's subscales. According to the results of ANOVAs, children who have not acquire any social skills on the whole showed the lowest score of social support from their friends. Finally, the adaptability of Social Skills Training as an intervention for perceived availability of social support in elementary school children was discussed.
Key Words: elementary school children, social skills, perceived availability of social support.
- The relationship between self-efficacy on heath behavior and stress responses in chronic disease patients
Woe Sook KIM (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), & Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine (Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine), 1997, 90-95. (1997)
The purposes of this study were to develop the scale of self-efficacy on health behavior, which influence on health promotion in chronic disease patients, and to examine the relationship between self-efficacy on health behavior and psychological stress responses. In study I, items relating to self-efficacy on the prevention of disease and on motivation to promote health were collected. As a result of factor analysis of self-efficacy based on data from 220 normal subjects over the age of 30, it was revealed that the self-efficacy scale on health behavior in chronic disease patients has following two main factors; "Active coping behavior with diseases" and "Controllability for health". As results of t-tests between clinical subjects with chronic disease and healthy control, it was revealed that scores of self-efficacy scale on health behavior in the clinical group were significantly higher than ones in the normal group. As results of analyses, 24-item self-efficacy scale of health behavior in chronic disease patients was developed. In study II, the relationship between self-efficacy on health behavior and stress responses was investigated. As a result of analysis, subject with high self-efficacy showed low scores in subscales in stress responses. Finally, significance of measuring self-efficacy on health behavior, and the application of the self-efficacy scale on health behavior in clinical settings were discussed.
Key Words: health behavior, self-efficacy, factor analysis, validity, stress responses.
- 小学生用学校不適応感尺度開発の試み
Effect of social skills on perceived availability of social support in elementary school children
戸ヶ崎泰子（早稲田大学大学院人間科学研究科）・秋山香澄（藤沢市太陽の家）・嶋田洋徳（広島大学総合科学部）・坂野雄二（早稲田大学人間科学部）
Yasuko TOGASAKI (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Kasumi AKIYAMA (Taiyo no Ie in Fujisawa City), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University), & Yuji SAKANO (School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
ヒューマンサイエンスリサーチ（早稲田大学大学院人間科学研究科），6，207-220．（1997）
Waseda Human Science Research（Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University）
The purposes of this study were to develop the School Maladjustment Scale for Children (SMS-C) and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. In study I, after selecting items which indicated maladaptive feelings in a daily school life setting, factor analysis revealed three factors; feelings for relations with friends, feelings for relations with the teacher, and feelings in examinations and classes. As a result of item analysis, the SMS-C with 15-item was developed. In study II, psychometric analyses showed that the SMS-C has high reliability using the split-half reliability coefficient and the alpha coefficient. In addition, it was suggested that the SMS-C also have content validity and construct validity. Furthermore, the classroom teachers selected three type children; those who were adjusted to school life, those who were not adjusted to school life, and those who lived a standard school life. As a result, ANOVAs using the SMS-C scores, revealed that children who can not be adjust to school life showed the highest scores on the SMS-C. It was also suggested that the SMS-C have sufficiently high clinical validity. Overall, the SMS-C had high capacity to measure subjective school maladjustment among elementary school children. Finally, the importance of measuring children's feelings for school life and the possibilities of clinical application of the SMS-C were discussed.
Key Words: school maladjustment, elementary school children, factor analysis, reliability, validity.