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Sugaya, N., Izawa, S., Saito, K., Shirotsuki, K., Nomura, S., & Shimada, H.�i2015�j�DEffect of prolonged stress on the adrenal hormones of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 9, 4.

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Morimoto, H., & Shimada, H. (2015). The relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies: Their perceived acceptability within a socio-cultural context of employment and the motivation behind their choices. International Journal of Stress Management, 22, 159-182.

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Morimoto, H., Shimada, H., & Tanaka, H. (2015). Coping orientation and psychological distress in healthcare professionals: The utility of appraising coping acceptability. Japanese Psychological Research, 57, 300-312.

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Hideki Tsumura, Jun Sensaki, & Hironori Shimada (2015). Stress-induced cortisol is associated with generation of non-negative interpretations during cognitive reappraisal. BioPsychoSocial Medicine.

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Hiroshi Morimoto, Naoko Ayabe, Hironori Shimada, & Rui Hashimoto (2015). Misconceptions of group norms concerning coping are a risk for negative social interaction: A cross-sectional study using the vignette method. Mental Health & Prevention, 3, 143-151.

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Hideki Tsumura, Hironori Shimada, Yuki Oshikawa, & Mari Kawata (2016). Relationship among automatic thoughts, activities and events, and affect in children. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 9, online first.

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205�D �Ќ�s���ɂ����鑼�҂̎����̕������\��̏�񏈗��ߒ��ɋy�ڂ��e��
 �@�@�@ Effects of Other's Gaze Direction on Facial Information Processing in Individuals with Social Anxiety

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Ayumi YAMASHITA (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Tomoya SATO (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science), Yuki TANAKA (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University)

����c��w�Տ��S���w�����i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�S�����k���j�C14 (1)�C109-117�D�i2015�j
Waseda Studies Clinical Psychology �iFaculty of Human Sciences Waseda University)

The present study investigated the effect of gaze direction and valence of facial stimuli on facial information processing in individuals with social anxiety. We used the Approach-AvoidanceTask(AAT) for measuring the in avoidance behaviors in response to facial stimuli, and we examined the Mu wave, which is one of the brain waves used for evaluating emotional valence in both high (n=9) and low social anxious individuals (n=10). According to the results of the AAT, compared with low social anxious individuals, the high social anxious individuals' approach tendencies decrease in relation to direct gaze. There were no differences in emotional valence in terms of socialanxiety grade. These results suggest that the avoidance behaviors of socially anxious individuals in the presence of facial stimuli were elicited by some other qualitative factor, such as the emotional valence of the stimuli.

Key Words: social anxiety, facial expression, emotional valence.�@�i�����j

206�D �Ќ�s���ɂ������@�\�I�ȐM�O���ێ�����v���Ɋւ��錤����������э���̓W�]
 �@�@�@ Factors lnfluencing the Maintenance of Dysfunctional Beliefs in Social Anxiety: Recent lssues and Future Prospects

�O�c�x���i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj �E�����F�Ɓi����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁE���{�w�p�U������ʌ������j �E�c���C���i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj �E���c�m���i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�j
Shunta MAEDA (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Tomoya SATO (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science), Yuki TANAKA (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University)

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Waseda Studies Clinical Psychology �iFaculty of Human Sciences Waseda University)

Previous studies have investigated variables that influence the maintenance of dysfunctional beliefs in social anxiety disorder. Although many variables have been reported in previous studies, the processes underlying the maintenance of dysfunctional beliefs remain unclear. Therefore, in the present paper, we systematically summarized previously reported maintenance factors influencing dysfunctional beliefs. The results indicate that previously reported variables can be summarized into two maintenance processes: prevention of input of belief-inconsistent information and amplification of threat level of input. Although these processes can be altered through intervention, our results also indicate that changes in beliefs do not always co-occur with alterations of these processes. Considering these results, we discussed future directions.


Key Words: social anxiety disorder, dysfunctional beliefs, validation.�@�i�W�]�j

207�D �e�q���ݍ�p�̑���Ɋւ��錻��Ɖۑ�
 �@�@�@ The Present Condition and the Subject about Measurement of a Parent-and-Child lnteraction.

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Shiho UDAGAWA (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University), Koji MINOSAKI (Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Counseling Center, Surugadai University), Hironori SHIMADA (Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University)

����c��w�Տ��S���w�����i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�S�����k���j�C14 (1)�C179-186�D�i2015�j
Waseda Studies Clinical Psychology �iFaculty of Human Sciences Waseda University)

Existing�@research�@that�@has�@examined�@the�@conventional�@parent-child�@relationship �@has�@reported�@that�@the�@quality�@of�@nursing�@provided�@by�@parents�@influences their children's behavior. This research has used many methods to measure the quality of nursing, and while simple measurements can be easily made, it has proven difficult to measure the ongoing interaction that exists between the quality of nursing provided by the parent and the behavior of the child ln response to this difficulty, the existing research that measure the interaction of these efects was reviewed. It was suggested that the nature of the interaction between a parent's nursing and their child's behavior can be assessed by employing eye-tracking techniques which determine whether parents are attending to the reactions of the child while they are nursing the child. Moreover, by using eye-tracking techniques, it became possible to assess some facial expressions that parents display while nursing, and the possibility of offering support to parents in the form of training that would foster the display of beneficial facial expressions while nursing was suggested.


Key Words: parent-and-child interaction, eye-tracking.�@�i�W�]�j

208�D ����������̋@�\�ɉe�����y�ڂ��v���Ɋւ���ŋ߂̌�������
�@�@�@�@ Recent lssues about Factors that lnfluence the Function of Emotion Regulation Strategies

�c���C���i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj�E �����F�Ɓi����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁE���{�w�p�U������ʌ������j�E �O�c�x���i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj�E �R�����i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj�E ���c�m���i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�j
Yuki TANAKA(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University), Tomoya SATO(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University, Research Fellow of the Japan Society for Promotion of Science), Shunta MAEDA(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University), Ayumi YAMASHITA(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University), Hironori SHIMADA(Facluty of Human Sciences, Waseda University

����c��w�Տ��S���w�����i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�S�����k���j�C14(�P)�C187-195�C�i2015�j
Waseda Studies Clinical Psychology�iFaculty of Human Sciences Waseda University)

Previous studies of emotion regulation strategies have been focused on investigating the differet in emotion regulation efficiency among topologically different emotion regulation strategies. Howeveri since the findings of these studies seem inconsistent, further investigation of the factors influencing the function of emotion regulation is needed. Therefore, the present review summarized factors influencing the function of emotion regulation from the perspective of individual-environment interaction. A review of previous studies indicated that the three factors influencing emotion regulation function would be classified into environmental factors, individual trait factors, and situational factors. In addition, the importance of emotion regulation flexibility which enables individuals to choose adaptive strategies depending on context determined by these three factors, and emotional awareness, which underlies emotion regulation flexibility is suggested. Based on these findings, we discussed future prospects.

Key Words: emotion, regulation strategy, emotion regulation flexibility, emotional awareness. �i�W�]�j


209�D ���l��ΏۂƂ����X�g���X�}�l�W�����g��������̌���Ɖۑ�
�@�@�@�@ The recent Issues of workplace stress management interventions for adults

�ۖ{�T�q�i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj�E �쑺�a�F�i����c��w�l�ԑ��������Z���^�[�j�E �X�{�_�u�i�L�����ۑ�w�S���Ȋw���Տ��S���w�ȁj�E ���c�m���i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�j
Yuko MARUMOTO(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University), Kazutaka NOMURA(Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda Universitythe), Hiroshi MORIMOTO (Department of clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Hiroshima International University), Hironori SHIMADA(Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University

����c��w�Տ��S���w�����i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�S�����k���j�C14(�P)�C197-205�C�i2015�j
Waseda Studies Clinical Psychology�iFaculty of Human Sciences Waseda University)

Abstract:


Key Words: stress management intervention, coping, job control. �i�W�]�j


210�D Effect of prolonged stress on the adrenal hormones of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome.

Nagisa SUGAYA (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University), Shuhei IZAWA (Health Administration and Psychosocial Factor Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health), Keisuke SAITO(Department of Children Education, Tokai University Junior College), Kentaro SHIROTSUKI(Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashino University), Shinobu NOMURA(Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University), & Hironori SHIMADA(Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University)
BioPsychoSocial Medicine (Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine)
, 9 (4).�i2015�j

Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged stress on the salivary adrenal hormones (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], DHEA-sulfate [DHEA-S]) of individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
METHODS: The participants were female college students, including 10 with IBS and 16 without IBS (control group), who were scheduled for a 2-week teaching practice at a kindergarten. Participants were asked to collect saliva for determining adrenal hormones immediately and 30 min after awakening and before sleep, 2 weeks before the practice, the first week of the practice, the second week of the practice, and a few days after the practice.
RESULTS: Regarding cortisol/DHEA ratio, significantly increased levels were found during the first week of the practice, and a significant interaction between group and time was found; the ratio at 30 min after awakening in the IBS group was higher than that in the control group. For the other adrenal hormone indexes, no significant differences due to the presence of IBS were found.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with IBS showed an elevated cortisol/DHEA ratio after awakening compared with individuals without IBS, and the elevated ratio peaked under the prolonged stress. The present study suggests that the cortisol effect is dominant in individuals with IBS under prolonged stress.


Key Words: Cortisol, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Irritable bowel syndrome, Prolonged stress, Saliva.



211�D The relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies: Their perceived acceptability within a socio-cultural context of employment, and the motivation behind their choices.

Morimoto, H., (Hiroshima International University) & Hironori, S. (Waseda University)

International Journal of Stress Management (American Psychological Association )., 22 (2)�C159-182, (2015)

Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship between psychological distress and coping strategies that consider sociocultural beliefs about coping differs depending on the types of coping strategies and the motivation behind their choice. We considered the sociocultural beliefs about coping to be equivalent to the individual�fs appraisal of the group�fs acceptance of their coping strategy (i.e., appraisal of coping acceptability). Japanese employees (n = 737; 536 male and 201 female individuals; mean age 38.8 years, SD = 11.0) of an information technology company participated in the study. The results showed that, regardless of the type of coping strategy (i.e., problem-focused, emotion-focused, or avoidant coping), greater use of coping strategies presumed to be in line with sociocultural beliefs was related to lower psychological distress for task stressors, whereas greater use of problem-focused coping presumed to be in line with sociocultural beliefs was related to lower psychological distress for interpersonal stressors. The motivation for employing the chosen coping strategy was significantly related to psychological distress for task stressors, but not for interpersonal stressors. Although there were some significant interactions between the use of coping strategies, presumed being in line with sociocultural beliefs, and the motivation behind that choice, the interaction effect was small. These results suggest that the motivation for using a chosen coping strategy can affect the effectiveness of coping strategies, independent from the selective use of coping strategies made in consideration of sociocultural beliefs.

Key Words: coping, motivation for employing coping strategy, organization culture, psychological distress, sociocultural context
doi: 10.1037/a0038484


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Hironori Shimada(Waseda University), Hiroaki Kumano(Waseda University)

�Տ��S���w�i�����o�Łj�C15(4)�C499-502�C�i2015�j
Japanese Journal of Clinical Psychology�iKongoshuppan)

Abstract:-
Key Words: - �i�_���i���Ǝ��j�j ISSN: 1345-9171


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Shiori Watanabe(Gunma Prefectual Cancer Center, Department of Psycho-oncology, Cancer Patient Support Center), Kazutaka Nomura(Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University), & Hironori Shimada(Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University)

�X�g���X�}�l�W�����g�����i���{�X�g���X�}�l�W�����g�w��j�C11(�Q)�C130-137�C�i2015�N7��31�����s�j
Japanese Journal of Stress Management�iJapanese Association of Stress Management)

Abstract:
This study examined the effects of interactions among classrooms on children's social skills and reduction of stress responses in class-wide social skills trainings, using a behavioral observation method. The participants were 179 children, in 3rd to 6th grades at elementary schools, and 297 freshmem and sophomores at junior high schools. We evaluated 27 elementary school children and 25 junior high school students, who provided informed consent, using fixed video-recorded behavioral observation during participants' lunchtime and free time at school. Class-wide social skills trainings were conducted at their classroom, in two sessions lasting, 45-50 minutes each. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed using the response from the others across the data collection point (pre, post). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine whether participants' stress responses and social skills changed across data collection points (pre, post, and follow-up). Scores for the rate of interactions and responses from others were obtained through behavioral observations by the researcher, while the stress response and social skills scores were obtained through self-reports by the participants. In the analysis, time point was specified as an independent variable while the observed rate of interactions, responses from others, self-reported stress response, and social skills were specified as dependent variables. For both elementary and junior high school students, neither the rate of interactions nor responses by others significantly differed across time points. However, in elementary school students, stress response scores and scores on each of the social skills subscales differed significantly over time. In addition, "prosocial skills" scores changed significantly over time among junior high school students. These results indicate that although there were no differences of occurrence in interactions in daily school life, there were differences in the effect of self-reported knowledge about social skills and reducing stress responses.

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Key Words: children, social skills training, interaction, behavioral observation. (practice research)
ISSN: 1348-5180


214�D �s���ӂ���ё����E�Փ��I�s�������������ɑ΂���}�C���h�t���l�X�g���[�j���O�̌���
�@�@�@�@ The effects of mindfullness training for children with inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors

�R�����i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj�E����_�j�i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁE�x�͑��w�S���J�E���Z�����O�Z���^�[�j�E����^���i���l�s�̂т̂ъw���ۈ珊�j�E�X�ʍ��i����c��w��w�@�l�ԉȊw�����ȁj�E���c�m���i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�j
Ayumi YAMASHITA(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University),Koji Minosaki�iGraduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University,ounseling Center,Surugadai University�j,Maki Nishikawa (Children�fs club for after school activity Nobi-nobi Gakudo, Yokohama City), Ayaka Mori(Graduate School of Human Science, Waseda University),& Hironori Shimada(Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University)

�l�ԉȊw�����i����c��w�l�ԉȊw�w�p�@�j�C28�i2�j�C225-�Q�R�T�D�i2015�j
Waseda Journal of Human Science�iFaculty of Human Science, Waseda University)

Abstract:
This study aimed to examine the effects of Mindfulness Training�iMT�jin children who present inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors. Twelve children�i5 girls and 7 boys; mean age = 10.00 �} 0.60�jparticipated in MT called Mindful Awareness Practices �iMAPs�jdelivered over 8 weeks. Children and their parents/trainer completed measures assessing the children�fs inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors, mindfulness skills, and attentional functions Trail Making Test�iTMT�jand gamma activity in the frontal region�j�DFollowing the MAPs, significant improvements were shown in inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and mindfulness skills scores. Additionally, children with more behavioral difficulties indicated a larger effect on inattentive behaviors. However, no significant changes were shown in attentional functions�iTMT and gamma activity�j�DThese results suggested that the MAPs conducted in this study were effective for behavioral difficulties such as inattentive behaviors.

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Key Words: children, social skills training, interaction, behavioral observation. (practice research)
ISSN: 1880-0270


220�D Misconceptions of group norms concerning coping are a risk for negative social interaction: A cross-sectional study using the vignette method. Mental Health & Prevention

Hiroshi Morimoto (Faculty of Psychology, Hiroshima International University) , Naoko Ayabe (National Center of Neurology and Psychuayry), Hironori Shimada (Facluty of Human Sciences, Waseda University) & Rui Hahimoto(Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University)

Mental Health & Prevention (Elsevier )., 3 (2)�C143-151, (2015)

Abstract:
Greater use of a norm-violating coping strategy relates to higher risk of negative social interactions and to higher distress. We examined the factors that are linked to the use of a norm-violating coping strategy and those that moderate the relationship between the coping strategy used and social interaction. Results of a cross-sectional survey for 74 Japanese undergraduate students and 68 Japanese workers indicated that, in a group with frequent contact, misconceptions about group norms concerning coping strategy relate to more negative social interactions. To draw causal inferences, a replication study with a large sample from heterogeneous cultural backgrounds is necessary.

Key Words: Coping, Sociocultural context, Social interaction, Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) Sensitivity, The Behavioral Activation System (BAS) Sensitivity, Distress
doi: 10.1016/j.mhp.2015.08.003